{"id":12633,"date":"2025-07-21T16:08:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T14:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pelagos-sanctuary.org\/?p=12633"},"modified":"2025-07-23T10:13:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T08:13:28","slug":"evaluation-de-labondance-de-la-distribution-et-de-lhabitat-des-cetaces-dans-le-sanctuaire-pelagos-les-resultats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pelagos-sanctuary.org\/fr\/evaluation-de-labondance-de-la-distribution-et-de-lhabitat-des-cetaces-dans-le-sanctuaire-pelagos-les-resultats\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9valuation de l\u2019abondance, de la distribution et de l\u2019habitat des c\u00e9tac\u00e9s dans le Sanctuaire Pelagos: les r\u00e9sultats"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00c9valuation de l\u2019abondance, de la distribution et de l\u2019habitat des c\u00e9tac\u00e9s dans le Sanctuaire Pelagos: les r\u00e9sultats<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Fin 2023, l\u2019Accord Pelagos a lanc\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de <\/span>consultations de recherche scientifique interconnect\u00e9es<\/b>, dont la premi\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019abondance, la distribution et l\u2019habitat des c\u00e9tac\u00e9s dans la zone du Sanctuaire. Cette initiative r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un besoin identifi\u00e9 comme prioritaire dans le Plan de gestion 2022\u20132027 : mettre \u00e0 jour les connaissances scientifiques sur<\/span> quatre esp\u00e8ces<\/b> cl\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement sensibles aux pressions anthropiques : le <\/span>grand dauphin<\/b> (<\/span>Tursiops truncatus<\/span><\/i>), le <\/span>rorqual commun<\/b> (<\/span>Balaenoptera physalus<\/span><\/i>), le <\/span>cachalot <\/b>(<\/span>Physeter macrocephalus<\/span><\/i>) et la <\/span>baleine \u00e0 bec de Cuvier <\/b>(<\/span>Ziphius cavirostris<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Un projet pour conna\u00eetre et prot\u00e9ger
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Le travail, men\u00e9 par la <\/span>Dr Floriane Plard<\/b>, a consist\u00e9 en l\u2019organisation et l\u2019analyse d\u2019un vaste ensemble de donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es lors de campagnes d\u2019observation a\u00e9rienne, destin\u00e9es \u00e0 estimer la distribution et l\u2019abondance des esp\u00e8ces prioritaires. Ces donn\u00e9es proviennent d\u2019instituts de recherche italiens, fran\u00e7ais et espagnols dans le cadre des suivis men\u00e9s \u00e0 niveau national), ainsi que de l\u2019initiative de suivies a\u00e9riennes (ASI) de l\u2019ACCOBAMS. Ainsi, la zone d\u2019\u00e9tude s\u2019est \u00e9tendue au-del\u00e0 du seul p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre du Sanctuaire Pelagos pour inclure \u00e9galement la partie nord-ouest de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e o\u00f9 se situe la Zone Maritime Particuli\u00e8rement Vuln\u00e9rable (PSSA) cr\u00e9\u00e9e par l\u2019Organisation Maritime Internationale (OMI) pour prot\u00e9ger les mammif\u00e8res marins du risque de collision.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es, collect\u00e9es \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes p\u00e9riodes entre 2009 et 2023, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 harmonis\u00e9es et standardis\u00e9es selon la m\u00e9thode du <\/span>distance sampling<\/span><\/i>, qui permet de corriger la densit\u00e9 estim\u00e9e en fonction de la probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tection. L\u2019objectif \u00e9tait d\u2019obtenir des estimations plus robustes et de produire des cartes des zones de forte concentration \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du Sanctuaire Pelagos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce type de connaissance est essentiel pour orienter les <\/span>mesures de gestion<\/b> vers une plus grande efficacit\u00e9 et identifier les zones prioritaires \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u00e9thodologie<\/b><\/h2>\n

Les densit\u00e9s des esp\u00e8ces de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e nord-occidentale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 estim\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de <\/span>mod\u00e8les de densit\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour les saisons estivale et hivernale<\/b>, puis corr\u00e9l\u00e9es \u00e0 des variables environnementales statiques et dynamiques telles que la <\/span>profondeur<\/b>, la<\/span> temp\u00e9rature de surface de la mer (SST)<\/b>, la<\/span> productivit\u00e9 primaire,<\/b> la <\/span>pente du fond marin<\/b> et la <\/span>distance \u00e0 la c\u00f4te<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deux approches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour le traitement des donn\u00e9es : les GAM (<\/span>mod\u00e8les additifs g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s<\/b>), qui analysent la relation entre la pr\u00e9sence des esp\u00e8ces et les variables environnementales, et les DSM (<\/span>mod\u00e8les de surface de densit\u00e9<\/b>), qui estiment la densit\u00e9 et la distribution spatiale en int\u00e9grant les observations directes aux conditions environnementales. Une \u00e9tape importante du travail a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 identifier les<\/span> lacunes spatiales dans les donn\u00e9es de suivi a\u00e9rien <\/b>(<\/span>gap analysis<\/span><\/i>), afin de d\u00e9terminer les zones du Sanctuaire moins couvertes par les relev\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019analyse a mis en \u00e9vidence des zones \u00e0<\/span> faible effort d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage<\/b>, comme le secteur sud-ouest du Sanctuaire et certaines zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, o\u00f9 des recherches suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires pour am\u00e9liorer la repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 spatiale des donn\u00e9es. La <\/span>gap analysis<\/span><\/i> a \u00e9galement permis d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter les estimations de densit\u00e9 obtenues, en distinguant les zones \u00e0 r\u00e9elle faible pr\u00e9sence de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s de celles o\u00f9 le manque de donn\u00e9es rend les estimations moins fiables, et en diff\u00e9renciant les estimations interpol\u00e9es (fiables) des extrapol\u00e9es (incertaines).<\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u00e9sultats<\/b><\/h2>\n

Les analyses ont permis de produire des cartes d\u00e9taill\u00e9es d\u00e9crivant la distribution spatiale et saisonni\u00e8re (\u00e9t\u00e9 \u2013 hiver) de <\/span>quatre esp\u00e8ces de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s <\/b>cibles dans le Sanctuaire Pelagos, fournissant des informations cruciales pour la gestion de la biodiversit\u00e9 marine dans cette aire prot\u00e9g\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Grand dauphin (Tursiops truncatus<\/i>)
<\/strong>Cette esp\u00e8ce est principalement pr\u00e9sente dans les eaux c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, avec une densit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e le long de la c\u00f4te est de la Corse en \u00e9t\u00e9 et le long des c\u00f4tes de la Ligurie, de Monaco et de la France en hiver, p\u00e9riode durant laquelle sa pr\u00e9sence augmente consid\u00e9rablement.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Rorqual commun (Balaenoptera physalus)<\/i>
<\/strong>La distribution du rorqual commun est concentr\u00e9e dans la partie occidentale du Sanctuaire et en haute mer, loin des c\u00f4tes. Ces grands c\u00e9tac\u00e9s, qui migrent sur de longues distances, pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les eaux profondes, riches en nourriture. L\u2019analyse montre que leur pr\u00e9sence est plus importante durant la p\u00e9riode estivale.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Cachalot (Physeter macrocephalus<\/i>)
<\/strong>Le cachalot est principalement pr\u00e9sent en mer ouverte, avec des noyaux de plus forte pr\u00e9sence dans la zone occidentale du Sanctuaire, surtout en \u00e9t\u00e9. Ces c\u00e9tac\u00e9s, connus pour leurs plong\u00e9es profondes, pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les eaux abyssales o\u00f9 ils chassent principalement les calmars. Les cartes montrent que leur distribution varie selon la saison, avec une quasi-absence en hiver.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Baleine \u00e0 bec de Cuvier  (Ziphius cavirostris<\/i>)
<\/strong>La b<\/span>aleine \u00e0 bec de Cuvier<\/span> est apparu comme une esp\u00e8ce rare dans le Sanctuaire, principalement localis\u00e9 dans les zones les plus profondes de la mer Tyrrh\u00e9nienne septentrionale et au sud-est de la Corse. Ces c\u00e9tac\u00e9s sont moins visibles que d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces, ce qui se traduit par une incertitude relative des cartes pr\u00e9dictives obtenues, tant pour l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 que pour l\u2019hiver.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Vers de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s de conservation
<\/b><\/h2>\n

Au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es, cette consultation ouvre la voie \u00e0 de<\/span> nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s de conservation<\/b>. Les r\u00e9sultats obtenus permettent d\u2019identifier des zones \u00e0 forte pr\u00e9sence de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s o\u00f9 des mesures de protection pourraient \u00eatre renforc\u00e9es, d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019\u00e9volution des populations dans le temps et d\u2019approfondir les interactions avec les activit\u00e9s humaines, notamment le trafic maritime, la pollution sonore et la p\u00eache. Ces connaissances sont fondamentales pour fournir des <\/span>outils de d\u00e9cision efficaces<\/b> pour la gestion et la planification, en coh\u00e9rence avec les objectifs internationaux de conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 marine.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Codividi questo post<\/h4>
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Combien de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s vivent dans le sanctuaire Pelagos\u00a0? Une nouvelle \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le o\u00f9 ils se trouvent, combien ils sont et comment les prot\u00e9ger au mieux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":12598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"chat","meta":[],"categories":[57],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c9valuation de l\u2019abondance, de la distribution et de l\u2019habitat des c\u00e9tac\u00e9s dans le Sanctuaire Pelagos: les r\u00e9sultats - Pelagos Sanctuary<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On June 3\u20134, 2025, the 17th Scientific and Technical Committee (STC17) of the Pelagos Agreement took place in Riomaggiore, within the Cinque Terre National Park. 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